Calculating machine



June 24, 1930. MER ET AL 1,765,697

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed March 19, 1928 ssheets-sheec 1 (Emma June 24, 1930. PALMER El AL 1,765,697

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed March 19', 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 nome/u June 24, 1930. N, P, PALMER ET AL 1,765,697

CALCULATING MACHI NE Filed March 19, 1928 3 Shets-Sheet 3 @Homu Patented June 24, 1930 A warren stares treats? sari-int NELSON IP. PALMER AND WILlVIER B. HEB/RON, OF BUTLER, PENNSYLVANIA CALCULATING MACHINE Application filed March 19, 1928. Serial. No. 262,979.

Thepresent invention relates to a calculating machine and has for its principal object to provide a'machine by means of which the average of two or more known numbers may be instantly determined.

A further 0 ject is to also ascertain the total of the numbers and at the same time determine the average thereof.

More specifically, the invention comprises a rotatably mounted disc having its periphery provided with a'series of ratchet teeth and having. a scale arranged on its upper surface including a series of concentrically 7 arranged circles, the outermost circle being 1 arrangedin ascale having units corresponding in number'with the number of the ratchet teeth and the remaining circles having scales arranged in graduations with their units proportioned according to the relationship of the respective inner circles with the outer circle and also providing a disc operating arm for rotating the disc and registering the respective scales with a fixed indicator.

A still further object is to provide a scale cooperating with one end of the disc operating arm for indicating the extent of each movement of the disc by the arm in terms of units equal to the units of the outermost scale of the disc. I

An additional object is to provide a calculatingxmachine of this character of a simple and practical construction, which is efiicient and reliable in performance, relatively inexpensive to manufacture, and 5 otherwise well adapted for the purpose for which thesame is intended. 7

Other objects and advantages reside in the special construction and combination of the various elements comprising the inveningdrawings, forming-a part hereof, where- Figure l is a top plan view of the appara- 4 toe with parts broken away and shown in 1 section, and illustrating the manner in which the arm engages the discfor the rotation thereof.

Figure 2 is a similar view, with the cover so plate of the device removed and showing the 7 tion, reference being had to the accompanyrelative position of the disc operating arm with respect to the disc. Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view through the housing with the calculating mechanism mounted in operative position therein.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the scale arranged on the upper surface of the disc.

Figure 5 isa fragmentary sectional view of the stop means provided for limiting the rotation of the disc to a single revolution.

Figure' 6 is a plan view of the pawl carried at one end of the operating arm for engagement with the ratchet teeth of the disc, and a Figure 7 is a view in sideelevation thereof. Referring now to the drawing in detail, the invention comprises a relatively shallow housing or container 5, which in the present embodiment of the invention is disclosed as being of a substantially rectangular shape, the same being open at its upper portion and provided with a cover section 6 removably secured in position thereon by bolts 7.

A vertically disposed shaft 8 is rotatably supported at its opposite ends by the base of the housing and cover thereof, said shaft having a disc 9, secured thereto, for rotation therewith, the periphery of the disc being provided with a series of ratchet teeth 10 extending entirely thereabout.

The disc is rotatably operated through an arm 11 disposed beneath the disc and-extending diametrically thereof, said arm b ing pivotally mounted intermediate its ends upon a pivot pin 12 supported by the base of the housing 5. One end of the arm 11 is forked as indicated at 13, between the forked ends thereof being arranged a slidably mounted block 14; having a pawl 15 extend ing from one end and engageable with the ratchet teethlO carried by thedisc. At the opposite end of the block 1 1 is arranged a coil spring 16 retained against an end portion 17 provided at the forked ends of the arms, whereby to yieldably urge the pawl 15 into engaged position with respect to the ratchet teeth. 1

The opposite end of the arm 11 is formed of the arm 11 adjacent said shaft is-provided with a slotted guide 23, extending substantiall-y transversely of the arm, said guide being arranged in an are dis need in concentric relation with res ect to t e. slotted opening' 19, the pin .12 orming a common axis forjthe same.

Q'Ilhe guide 23 is of suflicient length to perinit the swingi movement of the arm, permitting the in icating finger 21 to move from end to e d over the scale 22, and also to rrnit the andle 20 to move beyond the a, ehd of the scale at one end for a purpose mare-11111? fi e nafierdescribed.

. A stop pin 24 extends upwardly from the base of the housing 5, in a osition for enthe forked end 130 the arm, so as Q, to prevent the handle end of the arm from mqxing beyond helimitof the highest arc of the scale 22., i, V

'lAt the base of the shaft 8 is arranged, a

coil spring 25, having its opposite en s secured res ectively to the shaft and to the bottom the housing 5,'the shaft operating the tension of the spring upon the rotation thereof in one direction.

I A pair of pawls 26 are arranged for en- 9 gagement with the .ratchetteeth 10 of the to normally prevent'r otation of the sarnethrough the action of the spring 25,

said pawls being ositioned with respect to theteth so as to ternately en age the same i:- to reveldt bthebrotationf of the isc. of

W1 0 se 7 rom an inspection Figure 1 of the da ings, one of the pawls isdisposed with tooth engaging end at the outer end of theratchet teeth while the to other pawl is engaging another of said, teeth to secure the disc against rotation. 'In this manner, the pawls 26 cooperate with each other to prevent any, possibility of the ratchet teeth slipping past the end of the ,apawls.

Each of the pawls 26 is pivotally mounted on pins 27 extending downwardly'from the cover 6 and have their opposite ends engaged .by springs 28, rnormally urging the tooth engaging ends ofthe pawl into engaging position. The pawls are disposed in close proximity to the forkedend 13 of the arm. and as Wlll be noted from an inspection of Fi re 7 of the drawing, the pawl 15 mars by the arm is adapted to engage the lower edge of the ratchet teeth 10, whereas the pawls 26 are disposed at a horizontal plane above the pawl 15 so as to ermit the same to an e the upper edge 0 the teeth without int eierence with the pawl 15.

Furthermore, as illustrated in Figure 1,

ment with "the extension the arm when the indicating fin or 21 is pointed, to the emend ofthe sea e22 Amovementof the handle below the zero points of the scale will operate to move the forked ends 13 of r the arm against the pawls 26 so as to release the same -m engagement with the ratchet 90 teeth and thus permit the to be rotated bg the action of the s rn gaa Any suit; a a le means may be provid for raising driv' pawl 15, as by a cam on the beset; or a pin 15' over-lapping one of the pawlsfl i6 Extending upwardly from the bottom 'of the housing 5 is a stop 29 mounted on a resilient arm 29, adapted to ride under. the lower surface of the disc, said stop being gageable by a la 3(lextending fromthe Q9 under side of the 1sc',,wher'eh to limit the movement of .thedis cih to, slightly than; a singleuco npl'ete rotation. Guide 31 extend in OPPOSHQ directions from the lug so as to the stop 29into peelee tion for e agement with ,the lug, uponhe approach 0 the lug from. either side of thej sto pon the upper surface of the disc 9 arranged a dial 32, secured to the .disc in a m suitab e manner forrotation therewith of an area equal to theaiea of the disc Y The upper surface of thedial32 formed with a, series of concentric circles 33, the present embodiment of the inventiod 111m 1U trating a disc provided with a set of ten of such concentric circles, Theputerrnost cir cIe of the dial is divided units reading' in a direction'opposite to the soale22, from one to one thousand, each runit rep ntin one of theratchet teeth 10 ofthe disc' and,

dispose in vertical alignment with, said, teeth. i lhe. second inner circle of the dialjs.

marked in equal, to one-half of the number of units of the outer circle, the thirdflfl inner circle beinglmar ed in units equal to one-third of the number of 'unitsof the outer circle, the fourthbeing lnarkedin a ratio of, one fourth and ea h. succ ssive ema n ng; circle being similarly ma, ked in accord in with its ationship tothe'outermost circle; The cover 6 is providedwith a window iii'j-L} dicated at 34, having one edge 35 extending radially with respect to the center of the,

shaft 8, and in radial alignm nt with tbli center mark of the scale 22. The surface the end of the pawl 26 nearest the forked '3 identified by a numeral shown at 37, indicating the number of the concentric circle appearing immediately therebeneath.

In the operation of the device, presuming an average of three given numbers is desired, as for example the numbers 72, 28 and 50, the handle 20 is moved across the face of the cover 6,. until the indicating finger 21 reaches the unit 72, of the scale 22. It will be apparent that this operation also moves the disc 9 so that the unit 72 of the outermost scale of the dial will appear opposite the edge of the window. The handle 20 is then returned to its zero position, the pawl 15 sliding over the ratchet teeth 10, the pawls 26 serving to secure the same against movement. The handle 20 is then again moved across the surface of the cover until the indicating finger 21 reaches the unit 28 of the scale 22. This second movement of the handle will cause the movementof the disc 9 so that the outermost scale of the dial will be moved an additional number of units, each to the extent of movement of the handle, and accordingly the total of the units of the two movements of the handle will appear opposite the edge 2 35 of the window. The handle 20 is then returned to its initial position and the third movement of the handle is then made until the indicating finger 21 reaches a position opposite the unit of the scale 22, the outermost scale of the dial will accordingv ly be again moved anextent equal to the movement of the handle and the sum total of the movements thereof will then appear opposite the edge 35 of the window.

By observing the marking of the dial occurring at the edge 35 of the window, of the third inwardly concentric circle, the average of the three numbers will then be obtained.

In order to reset thedial, the handle 20 is moved outwardly beyond the zero end of the scale 22, whereupon the extension 17 at the opposite end of the arm 11 will release the pawls 26 from the ratchet teethand permit the spring 25 to return .the disc to its original position.

In the'present embodiment of the invention it will be understood that the device is limited-to obtaining the average of any set of numbers up to ten, it being under stood that the sum total of the entire set of numbers cannot exceed one thousand. It is apparent, however, that by making obvious changes, it would permit the average to be obtained of a larger group of numbers.

It is obvious that the invention is susceptible of various changes and modifications, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its ad vantages, and we accordingly claim all such forms of the device, to which we are entitled.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new is:

1. A calculating device of the character described comprising a spring controlled rotatable disc, means engageable with the disc for rotating the same in one direction against the tension ofthe control spring, means engageable with the disc for retaining the sameagainst rotation in the opposite direction, the first named means engageable with the last-named means for disengaging said last named meansfrom the disc and allowing the same to be rotated in the opposite direction by the control spring.

2. A calculating device of the character described comprising a spring controlled rotatable disc having a scale thereon, ratchet teeth on the periphery of said disc, means engageable with the ratchetteeth for rotating the di c in one direction against the tension of the spring, means engageable with the ratchet teeth for retaining the disc against'rotation in the opposite direction, the first named means engageable with the last named means for disengaging the same from the ratchet teeth and allowing the'disc to be rotated in the opposite direction by the spring.

8. A calculating device of the character described, comprising a spring controlled rotatable disc having a scale thereon, ratchet teeth on the periphery of the disc, a pivotally mounted lever associated with the disc, a spring controlled element on the lever engageable .with'the ratchet teeth for rotating the disc in one direction against the tension of the control spring, means engageable with the disc for retaining the same against rotation in the opposite H direction, said means adaptedto be engaged by the lever for. disengaging said means from the ratchet teeth for allowing the disc to be rotated in the opposite direction by the control spring.

4. A calculating device of the character described comprising a spring controlled r0- tatable disc having a scale thereon, ratchet teeth on the periphery of the disc, a pivotally mounted lever associated with the disc, a spring controlled element slidably mounted on the lever and engageable with the ratchet teeth for rotating the disc in one direction against the tension of the control spring, spring controlled pivoted pawls engageable with the ratchet teeth for retaining the disc against rotation in the opposite direction, said pawls adapted to be engaged by the lever in a manner to disengage said pawls from the ratchet teeth for allowing the disc to be rotated in the opposite direction by the control spring.

5. A calculating device of the character described comprising a spring controlled rotatable disc having a scale thereon, ratchet teeth on the periphery of the disc, a pivotally mounted lever associated with the 8- mam" d532,. espring; controlled element slidabl mounted on t e lever and engageable wit one of themerginel side portions of the ratchet teeth for rotating the .disc in one direction against the tension-otthe control spring; spr ng controlled pivoted pewls engegea le. with the other marginal side portia'meof the; ratchet teeth for retaini the disc against rotation in the opposite irec-.

m tion, said aw'le adapted to be engaged by the lever ordisenga 'ng said pewls .from the ratchet teeth for lowing the disc to be rotated in the opposite direction by the control. sprin m 5. A-ralcu ating-device of the character described comprising a casing, a spring controlled disc hevinga scale thereon rotatably mounted in the casing, ratchet teeth on the periphery of the dmc, a lever pivotally 56 mounted in the clsing. and extending beneeththe disc, an a larly disposed extension on one end oft e lever, means on the oposite end of the lever forswin the sameon. its pivot, a spring contrfil eleg ment slidahly. mounted on the lever adv t jacemt' the extension and engageeble with V I r I one of the .marginal sides of the ratchet teeth for rotati the disc in one direction against-tension) the controlsprin spring controlled pivoted pewlsengagea le with the othersides of the ratchet teeth forntaining. the disc against rotation in the opposite. diteetion, said pawls adapted i to be engaged by the extension-on the lever r 35 for disengaging the same from the ratchet teeth for allowlng the disc to be rotated in the opposite direction hi the control spring.

- In testimony whereo we afiixour signaures.

o NELSON P. PALMER.

. WILMER B. HERRON. 

